Notes

Ficus

Ficus (text)

Ficus carica

Ficus carica L.
edible fig

Puisné

Puisné. Punie, younger, borne after.

puisné

Puisné. Cadet. Qui est né depuis un de ses freres, ou une de ses soeurs. C’est mon frere puisné.

Notes

Portulaca

Portulaca oleracea
purslane

Purslane to the Teeth

Pliny (xx. 20, § 81) makes this plant good for teeth, Cabbage and Gum-plants (xx. 9, § 36; xxiv. 11, § 64) injurious to teeth.

le Poupié, aux Dents

Est et porcillaca quam peplin vocant, non multum sativa efficacior cuius memorabiles usus traduntur: sagittarum venena et serpentium haemorrhoidum et presterum restingui pro cibo sumpta et plagis inposita extrahi, item hyoscyami pota e passo expresso suco. cum ipsa non est, semen eius simili effectu prodest. resistit et aquarum vitiis, capitis dolori ulceribusque in vino tusa et inposita, reliqua ulcera commanducata cum melle sanat. sic et infantium cerebro inponitur umbilicoque prociduo, in epiphoris vero omnium fronti temporibusque cum polenta, sed ipsis oculis e lacte et melle, eadem, si procidant oculi, foliis tritis cum corticibus fabae, pusulis cum polenta et sale et aceto. ulcera oris tumoremque gingivarum commanducata cruda sedat, item dentium dolores, tonsillarum ulcera sucus decoctae. quidam adiecere paulum murrae. nam mobiles dentes stabilit conmanducata, vocemque firmat et sitim arcet. cervicis dolores cum galla et lini semine et melle pari mensura sedat, mammarum vitia cum melle aut Cimolia creta, salutaris et suspiriosis semine cum melle hausto. stomachum in acetariis sumpta corroborat. ardenti febribus inponitur cum polenta, et alias manducata refrigerat etiam intestina. vomitiones sistit. dysinteriae et vomicis estur ex aceto vel bibitur cum cumino, tenesmis autem cocta. comitialibus cibo vel potu prodest, purgationibus mulierum acetabuli mensura in sapa, podagris calidis cum sale inlita et sacro igni. sucus eius potus renes iuvat ac vesicas, ventris animalia pellit. ad vulnerum dolores ex oleo cum polenta inponitur. nervorum duritias emollit. Metrodorus, qui ἐπιτομὴν ῥιζοτομουμένων scripsit, purgationibus a partu dandam censuit. venerem inhibet venerisque somnia. praetorii viri pater est, Hispaniae princeps, quem scio propter inpetibiles uvae morbos radicem eius filo suspensam e collo gerere praeterquam in balineis, ita liberatum incommodo omni. quin etiam inveni apud auctores caput inlitum ea destillationem anno toto non sentire. oculos tamen hebetare putatur.

There is also a type of purslane, called peplis [Euphorbia peplis], being not much more beneficial than the cultivated variety, of which are recorded remarkable benefits; that the poison of arrows and of the serpents haemorrhoïs and prester are counteracted if peplis be taken as food, and if it be applied to the wound, the poison is drawn out; likewise the poison of henbane if peplis be taken in raisin wine, after extraction of the juice. When the plant itself is not available, its seed has a similarly beneficial effect. It also counteracts the impurities of water, and if pounded and applied in wine it cures headache and sores on the head; other sores it heals if chewed and applied with honey. So prepared it is applied also to the cranium of infants, and to an umbilical hernia; for eye-fluxes in persons of all ages, with pearl barley, to the forehead and temples, but to the eyes themselves in milk and honey; also, if the eyes should fall forwards [aSymptom of an obscure disease, now perhaps unknown], pounded leaves are applied with bean husks, to blisters with pearl barley, salt and vinegar. Sores in the mouth and gumboils are relieved by chewing it raw; tooth-ache likewise and sore tonsils by the juice of the boiled plant, to which some have added a little myrrh. But to chew it makes firm loose teeth, strengthens the voice and keeps away thirst. Pains at the back of the neck are relieved by it with equal parts of gall nut, linseed and honey, complaints of the breasts with honey or Cimolianc chalk, while asthma is alleviated by a draught of the seed with honey. Taken in salad it strengthens the stomach. It is applied with pearl barley to reduce high temperature, and besides this when chewed it also cools the intestines. It arrests vomiting. For dysentery and abscesses it is eaten in vinegar or taken in drink with cummin, and for tenesmus it is boiled. Whether eaten or drunk it is good for epilepsy, for menstruation if one acetabulum be taken in concentrated must, for hot gout and erysipelas if applied with salt. A draught of its juice helps the kidneys and the bladder, expelling also intestinal parasites. For the pain of wounds it is applied in oil with pearl barley. It softens indurations of the sinews. Metrodorus, author of Compendium of Prescriptions from Roots, was of opinion that it should be given after delivery to aid the after-birth. It checks lust and amorous dreams. A Spanish prince, father of a man of praetorian rank, because of unbearable disease of the uvula, to my knowledge carries except in the bath a root of peplis hung round his neck by a thread, being in this way relieved of all inconvenience. Moreover, I have found in my authorities that the head rubbed with peplis ointment is free from catarrh the whole year. It is supposed however to weaken the eyesight.

cabbage to teeth

Ex omnibus brassicae generibus suavissima est cyma, etsi inutilis habetur, difficilis in concoquendo et renibus contraria. illud quoque non est omittendum, aquam decoctae ad tot usus laudatam faetere humi effusam. stirpium brassicae aridorum cinis inter caustica intellegitur, ad coxendicum dolores cum adipe vetusto, at cum lasere et aceto instar psilotri evulsis inlitus pilis nasci alios prohibet. bibitur et cum oleo subfervefactus vel per se elixus ad convolsa et rupta intus lapsoque ex alto. nulla ergo sunt crimina brassicae? immo vero apud eosdem animae gravitatem facere, dentibus et gingivis nocere. et in Aegypto propter amaritudinem non estur.

Of all the varieties of cabbage the most pleasant-tasted is cyma [Broccoli], although it is thought to be unwholesome, being difficult of digestion and bad for the kidneys. Further, we must not forget that the water in which it has been boiled, though praised for its many uses, has a foul smell when poured out on the ground. The ash of dried cabbage-stalks is understood to be caustic, and with stale grease is used for sciatica, but with silphium and vinegar, applied as a depilatory, it prevents the growth of other hair in place of that pulled out. It is also taken lukewarm in oil, or boiled in water by itself, for convulsions, internal ruptures, and falls from a height. Has cabbage then no faults to be charged with? Nay, we find in the same authors that it makes the breath foul and harms teeth and gums. In Egypt too, because of its bitterness, it is not eaten.

le Poupié, aux Dents:

Cummium genera diximus. in his maiores effectus melioris cuiusque erunt. dentibus inutiles sunt, sanguinem coagulant et ideo reicientibus sanguinem prosunt, item ambustis, arteriae vitiis inutiles, urinam cient, amaritudines hebetant.

I have mentioned the different kinds of gums [Book XIII. §§ 66 ff]. The better the sort of each kind the more potent its effect. Gums are injurious to the teeth, coagulate blood and therefore benefit those who spit blood; they are also good for burns though bad for affections of the trachea; they promote urine and lessen the bitter taste in things.

le poupié aux dents

Rabelais a mal lu: «Mobiles dentes stabilit commanducata [porcilaca]» dit au contraire Pline, XX, 81. «Commanducata dentium stupores sedat», écrit aussi Dioscoride, II, 117. Il est à noter que ce sont là vertus attribuées au pourpier cultivé, Portulaca oleracea, L., mais Pline les insère, par erreur, au chapitre de son Porcilaca, peplis ou pourpier sauvage, qui est Euphorbia peplis, L., plante au latex âcre et corrosif. Au reste, le pourpiuer n’a pas plus d’action sur les dents et gencives que les autres salades. (Paul Delaunay)

Nenuphar…

Encore une fois, la plupart de ces exemples se retrouvent dans le De latinis nominibus de Charles Estienne. Le nenufar et la semence de saule sont des antiaphrodisiaques. La ferula servait, dans l’Antiquité, à fustiger les écoliers (cf. Martial, X, 62-10).

le Poupié, aux Dents:

Le pourpier, au contraire, affermit les dents (Pline, XX, lxxxi).

Notes

Ancer (goose)

173. Ancer (goose)
[Ancer is Latin for “goose”.]

la Cigue aux Oiſons

urtica contactu mortifera, nec minus aviditas, nunc satietate nimia, nunc suamet vi, quando adprehensa radice morsu saepe conantes avellere ante colla sua abrumpunt. contra urticam remedium est stramento ab incubitu subdita radix earum.

The touch of a nettle is fatal to goslings, and not less so is their greediness, sometimes owing to their excessive gorging and sometimes owing to their own violence, when they have caught hold of a root in their beak and in their repeated attempts to tear it off break their own necks before they succeed. A nettle-root put under their straw after they have lain in it is a cure for nettle-sting.

la Cigue aux Oiſons:

Nyctegreton inter pauca miratus est Democritus, coloris hysgini, folio spinae, nec a terra se adtollentem. praecipuam in Gedrosia narrat erui post aequinoctium vernum radicitus siccarique ad lunam xxx diebus, ita lucere noctibus. Magos Parthorumque reges hac herba uti ad vota suscipienda. eandem vocari chenamychen, quoniam anseres a primo conspectu eius expavescant, ab aliis nyctalopa, quoniam e longinquo noctibus fulgeat.

Nyctegreton [“Night-watcher”] was one of a few plants chosen for special admiration by Democritus; it is of a dark-red colour, with a leaf like a thorn, and not rising high from the ground; a special kind grows in Gedrosia. He reports that it is pulled up by the roots after the spring equinox and dried in the moonlight for thirty days; that after this it glows at night, and that the Magi and the kings of Parthia use the plant to make their vows. It is also called, he says, chenamyche [Because it made geese (χῆνες) run in panic into a corner (μύχος)], because geese are panic-stricken at the first sight of it, and by others nyctalops, because it gleams a long distance by night.

Hemlock to Goslings

Pliny makes Nettles (x. 59, § 79) and Nyetegretum (xxi. 11, § 36) poisonous to goslings, but says nothing about hemlock in that connexion.

la cigue aux oisons

Rabelais a mal lu: c’est l’ortie que Pline (X, 79) accuse de nuire aux oisons: «Pullis eorum [anserum] urtica contactu mortifera». Au reste, la ciguë ne leur serait pas moins pernicieuse. (Paul Delaunay)

Nenuphar…

Encore une fois, la plupart de ces exemples se retrouvent dans le De latinis nominibus de Charles Estienne. Le nenufar et la semence de saule sont des antiaphrodisiaques. La ferula servait, dans l’Antiquité, à fustiger les écoliers (cf. Martial, X, 62-10).

la Cigue

En fait, l’ortie (Pline, X, lxxix)

Notes

Salix

la semence de Saule, aux Nonnains vitieuses

But when in thy ship thou hast now crossed the stream of Oceanus, where is a level shore and the groves of Persephone— tall poplars, and willows that shed their fruit—there do thou beach thy ship by the deep eddying Oceanus, but go thyself to the dank house of Hades.

seed of willow

ocissime autem salix amittit semen, antequam omnino maturitatem sentiat, ob id dicta Homero frugiperda; secuta aetas scelere suo interpretata est hanc sententiam, quando semen salicis mulieri sterilitatis medicamentum esse constat. sed in hoc quoque providens natura facile nascenti et depacto surculo incuriosius semen dedit

But it is the willow that loses its seed most quickly, before it approaches ripeness at all. This is the reason why Homer gives it the epithet ‘fruit-losing’; but succeeding ages have interpreted the meaning of the word in the light of its own wicked conduct, inasmuch as it is well known that willow seed taken as a drug produces barrenness in a woman. But Nature, showing her foresight in this matter also, has been rather careless about bestowing seed on a tree that is propagated easily even from a planted sprig.

Willow-seed to vicious Nuns

Pliny xvi. 26, § 46. Homer, Od. x. 510.

Chapter 31. How Rondibilis the Physician counselleth Panurge

[re. Hempseed]

Chapter 31. How Rondibilis the Physician counselleth Panurge

I find in our faculty of Medicine — and we have taken it from the Determination of the ancient Platonics — that carnal Concupiscence is restrained by five means.

By wine…

Secondly, by certain drugs and plants. which make a man chilled, bewitched, and impotent for generation. We have experience of it in Nymphea [25.7.37], Heraclea, Willow of Ameria [24.9.37], Hemp-seed [20.23.97], Honey-suckle [27.12.94], Tamarisk [24.9.41], Agnus-castus[24.9.38], Mandrake [24.13.94], Hemlock [25.13.95], the small Orchis [26.10.62; HP 9.18.3], the Skin of Hippopotamus [28.8.31], and others, which, received within the human Body, by their elementary Virtues as well as by their specific Properties, freeze and mortify the prolific Germ, or dissipate the Spirits which ought to conduct it to the Places destined for it by Nature, or obstruct the Passages and Conduits, by which it might have been ejected…

[notes from Pliny]

la semence de saule aux nonnains vitieuses

«Semen salicis mulieri sterilitatis medicamentum esse constat», dit Pline, XVI, 46. «L’écorce, les feuilles et la semence du Saule sont astringentes et rafrîchissantes, dit Lemery; on en fait prendre la décoction pour arrêter les ardeurs de Vénus». (Dict. les drogues simples, p. 770.) La pharmacopée emploie encore comme antispasmodique le Salix nigra. (Paul Delaunay)

Nenuphar…

Encore une fois, la plupart de ces exemples se retrouvent dans le De latinis nominibus de Charles Estienne. Le nenufar et la semence de saule sont des antiaphrodisiaques. La ferula servait, dans l’Antiquité, à fustiger les écoliers (cf. Martial, X, 62-10).

la semence de Saule, aux Nonnains vitieuses:

Considérée comme antiaphrodisiaque.

Notes

Edera terrestris

Edera arborea

Edera arborea

Edera arborea (text)

Edera terrestris

Edera terrestris (text)

Hedera helix

Hedera helix

ivy to walls

Pliny xvi. 34, § 62.

ivy to walls

Hedera iam dicitur in Asia nasci. circiter urbis Romae annum ccccxxxx negaverat Theophrastus, nec in India nisi in monte Mero, quin et Harpalum omni modo laborasse ut sereret eam in Medis frustra, Alexandrum vero ob raritatem ita coronato exercitu victorem ex India redisse exemplo Liberi patris; cuius dei et nunc adornat thyrsos galeasque etiam ac scuta in Thraciae populis sollemnibus sacris, inimica arboribus satisque omnibus, sepulchra, muros rumpens, serpentium frigori gratissima, ut mirum sit ullum honorem habitum ei.

It is said that ivy now grows in Asia Minor. Theophrastus about 314 b.c. had stated that it did not grow there, nor yet in India except on Mount Meros, and indeed that Harpalus had used every effort to grow it in Media without success, while Alexander had come back victorious from India with his army wearing wreaths of ivy, because of its rarity, in imitation of Father Liber; and it is even now used at solemn festivals among the peoples of Thrace to decorate the wands of that god, and also the worshippers’ helmets and shields, although it is injurious to all trees and plants and destructive to tombs and walls, and very agreeable to chilly snakes, so that it is surprising that any honour has been paid to it.

lierre aux murailles

Lierre, Hedera helix L., hédéracée qui, par ses racines adventices, s’arroche aux vieux murs. «Inimica… omnibus: sepulcra, muros rumpens», dit Pline, XVI, 62. (Paul Delaunay)

le lierre

Voir Pline, XVI, 62 (EC).

ivy

ivy . Forms: ivi, yvi, yve, yvy, ivye, ivie, yvie, (ive), ivy. [Old English ífi, obscurely related to Old High German ebahewi, ebawi, ebah. The first element of these appears to be an Old Teutonic *iba, of which no cognates are known. The second element in Old High German is apparently hewi, Middle High German höu, German heu hay; Kluge suggests that Old English ífi may similarly go back to an earlier fhe. But no explanation appears of the connexion with `hay’.]

A well-known climbing evergreen shrub (Hedera Helix), indigenous to Europe and parts of Asia and Africa, having dark-green shining leaves, usually five-angled, and bearing umbels of greenish-yellow flowers, succeeded by dark berries; it is a favourite ornamental covering of walls, old buildings, ruins, etc. The plant was anciently sacred to Bacchus.

Used as a sign that wine was sold within; compare ivy-garland and ivy-bush. Obsolete

Notes

Equisetum

Plate caption: Equistum
minus
Klein Rossschwantz

Taxon: Equisetum arvense L.
English: marsh horsetail
French: prele
German: Zinnkraut

Equisetum

Plate caption: esquisetum alterum
Taxon: Equisetum arvense L.
English: marsh horsetail
French: prele
German: Zinnkraut

La presle… murailles

La presle… murailles. Addition de 1552.

presle

Presle. as Prele.
Prele: Small Horse-taile, Tadpipes, naked Shave-grass.

la presle aux fauscheurs

Prèle, nom vulgaire de diverses espèces du G. Equisetum (Equisétacées). Pline a déjà noté («Equisetum… in pratis vituperata nobis…», XXVI, 83) le discrédit où les tiennent les faucheurs: soit parce que c’est une plante sans valeur et qui gâte le reste du fourrage, soit parce qu’elle émousse le tranchant de la faux. C’est en effet un des végétaux les plus riches en silice: ses cendres en renferment 90%. Ajoutons que les Equisetum palustre et sylvaticum soit toxiques pour les bovidés. (Paul Delaunay)

equisetum

Equisaetum hippuris Graecis dicta et in pratis vituperata nobis—est autem pilus terrae equinae saetae similis—lienes cursorum extinguit decocta fictili novo ad tertias quantum vas capiat et per triduum heminis pota. unctis esculentis ex ante diem unum interdicitur. Graecorum varia circa hanc opinio: alii pinus foliis similem nigricantem eodem nomine appellant, vim eius admirabilem tradentes, sanguinis profluvia vel tacto tantum ea homine sisti, alii hippurin, alii ephedron, alii anabasim vocant, traduntque iuxta arbores nasci et scandentem eas dependere comis iunceis multis nigris ut ex equorum cauda, geniculatis ramulis, folia habere pauca, tenuia, exigua, semen rotundum, simile coriandro, radice lignosa, nasci in arbustis maxime. vis eius spissare corpora. sucus sanguinem e naribus fluentem inclusus sistit, item alvum. medetur dysintericis in vino dulci potus cyathis tribus, urinam ciet, tussim, orthopnoeam sanat, item rupta et quae serpunt. intestinis et vesicae folia bibuntur, enterocelen cohibet. faciunt et aliam hippurim brevioribus et mollioribus comis candidioribusque, perquam utilem ischiadicis et vulneribus ex aceto inpositam propter sistendum sanguinem. et nymphaea trita plagis inponitur. peucedanum cum semine cupressi bibitur, si sanguis per os redditus est fluxitve ab infernis. sideritis tantam vim habet ut quamvis recenti gladiatoris vulneri inligata sanguinem claudat, quod facit et ferulae cinis vel carbo, fungus vero etiam efficacius, qui secundum radicem eius nascitur.

Equisaetum, called hippuris by the Greeks, and found fault with by me when I discussed meadow land [See XVIII § 259] —it is in fact “hair of the earth” resembling horse hair—reduces the spleen of runners if as much as the pot will hold is boiled down to one third in new earthenware, and taken in drink for three days in doses of one hemina. There must be abstinence from fatty foods for at least one day previously. The Greeks hold various views about this plant; some under the same name speak of a dark plant with leaves like those of the pine, assuring us that, so wonderful is its nature, its mere touch stanches a patient’s bleeding; some call it hippuris, others ephedron, others anabasis. Their account is that it grows near trees, which it climbs, and hangs down in many dark, rush-like hairs as if from a horse’s tail; that its little branches are jointed, and its leaves few, slender and small; that the seed is round, resembling that of coriander, that its root is ligneous, and that it grows mostly in plantations. Its property is to brace the body. Its juice, kept in the nostrils, checks haemorrhage therefrom, and it also checks looseness of the bowels. Taken in a sweet wine, in doses of three cyathi, it is good for dysentery, promotes passing of urine, and cures cough and orthopnoea, ruptures also and spreading sores. The leaves are taken in drink for complaints of the bowels and bladder; the plant itself reduces intestinal hernia. The Greeks recognise yet another hippuris, which has shorter, softer and paler hairs, making a very useful application in vinegar for sciatica, and also for cuts, as it stanches the flow of blood. Nymphaea also beaten up is applied to wounds from blows, and peucedanum with cypress seed is taken in drink if blood is brought up through the mouth or flows from the lower passages. Sideritis has such a powerful effect that if bandaged to a gladiator’s wound, however recent, it stops the bleeding, as does also the ash or cinders of fennel-giant, though more efficacious still is the fungus that grows about its root.

equisetum

herba optima in prato trifolii, proxima graminis, pessima nummuli siliquam etiam diram ferentis; invisa et equisaeti est, a similitudine equinae saetae.

The best crop in meadow land is trefoil, the next best grass; money-wort is the worst, and it also bears a terrible pod; horse-hair [The plant now called ‘horse-tail’], named from its resemblance to horses’ hair, is also a hateful weed.

than shavegrass to haymowers

who consider it worthless, and who find that its silicates dull their blades…

La prèle

La prèle (equisetum) est, toujours selon Pline, vitupérée (XXVI, 83) et détestée (XVIII, 67)

La prèle

La prêle nuit à la qualité du fourrage et émousse la faux (Pline, XVIII et XXVI).

Presle

Plante qui émousserait le tranchant de la faux; ce passage, addition de 1552 (var. d) est emprunté à Pline, XVIII, xliv.

prêle

prêle ou prèle: Plante vasculaire sans fleurs (ptéridophyte) rhizomateuse, des lieux humides, qui a des tiges stériles à rameaux verticillés et des tiges fertiles terminées par un épi sporifère. (Les spores de prêle sont remarquables par leurs 4 rubans hygroscopiques, qui assurent leur déplacement au sol ; les tiges, imprégnées de silice, peuvent servir à polir le bois.)

Notes

aprivoier

Aprivoier. s’apprivoiser, s’habituer.
Aprivostir. voir Aprevostir.
Aprevostir. établi chef.

Apprivoisé

Apprivoisé: Tamed, reclaimed, made inward, growne familiar, gentle, tractable; housall.

names of plants

Fuit quidem et hic quondam ambitus nominibus suis eas adoptandi, ut docebimus fecisse reges. tanta res videbatur herbam invenire, vitam iuvare, nunc fortassis aliquis curam hanc nostram frivolam quoque existimaturis; adeo deliciis sordent etiam quae ad salutem pertinent. auctores tamen quarum inveniuntur in primis celebrari par est effectu earum digesto in genera morborum

It was one of the ambitions of the past to give one’s name [A common phrase in Pliny is nomine adoptare, “to give a name to a thing”] to a plant, as we shall point out was done by kings. It was thought a great honour to discover a plant and be of assistance to human life, although now perhaps some will think that these researches of mine are just idle trifling. So paltry in the eyes of Luxury are even the things that conduce to our health. It is but right, however, to mention in the first place the plants whose discoverers can be found, with their properties classified according to the kinds of disease for which they are a remedy. To reflect indeed on this makes one pity the lot of man; besides chances and changes and the strange happenings that every hour brings, there are thousands of diseases that every mortal has to dread.

celluy qui premier les inventa…

Toutes ces informations viennent originellement de Pline, XXV, chap. 4 a 7, et, pour l’alcibiadion, de Dioscoride.

Notes

Culture et Travail du Chanvre

Culture et Travail du Chanvre

portcullis

Coat of Arms of Stamsried

Der Zickzackbalken ist dem Wappen der Muracher entnommen, die die Hofmark Stamsried von Mitte des 15. bis Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts innehatten. Dieses Wappenbild basiert auf einem Siegeltypar mit nur dem Ortsnamen als Umschrift, das vermutlich in Verbindung mit einer Wappenverleihung vor 1585 (Marktrechtsverleihung 1580) entstand, in Abdrucken von 1639 und 1700 überliefert ist und bis zu den Dienstsiegeln des 19. Jahrhunderts beibehalten wurde. 1897 fügte die Gemeinde dem Wappen ohne Festlegung der Tingierung unter dem Schildhaupt mit dem Muracher Zickzackbalken in gespaltenem Feld die Flachsbreche und eine Tanne auf Berg hinzu; die Tanne geht auf die Fehldeutung eines Engels über dem Schild im ersten Siegel durch einen Ortschronisten zurück und wurde später wieder weggelassen.

[Google translate] The zigzag beam is taken from the coat of arms of the Muracher, who held the Hofmark Stamsried from the middle of the 15th to the end of the 16th century. This coat of arms is based on a Siegeltypar with only the place name as a transcription, which presumably in connection with a coat of arms before 1585 (market rights 1580) was created, in copies of 1639 and 1700 handed down and was up to the official seals of the 19th Century maintained. In 1897, the municipality added to the coat of arms without fixing the Tingierung under the shield head with the Muracher zigzag beam in a split field the flax brake and a fir on the mountain; The fir goes back to the misinterpretation of an angel above the shield in the first seal by a local chronologist and was later omitted.

Cathartique

Cathartique. A purgative, or evacuative; a purging medicine.

Cataracte

Cataracte: A violent fall of waters from a high and steepe place; also, a strong yron-bound chest, open in the top and set with pikes in the bottome, thereby to sticke fast, and steadily where it is to stand; (used especially in water-workes;) also, a Cataract, or web in the eye.

instrumens cataractes

Instrument qui bruise, rompt, broie le chanvre, une broye: du grec χαταράσσσ, frango, rumpo, d’où cataracta, herse de porte sarrazine.

catharactes

Broyeurs (mot formé sur le verbe grec χαταρρηγνυναι)

cataract

From Greek, a waterfall, also a portcullis (as adj., down-rushing) : either (1) break down, rush down; or (2) dash down, break in pieces, from down plus strike hard, dash in pieces.
A descent of water over a steeply sloping surface; any furious downpour of water; a diesase of the eye; in fort., a herse.

herse

A framework composed of bars or rods, and used for any purpose. A grating.
In fort., specifically, A portcullis. A frame armed with spikes, used for chevaux-de-frise, and laid in the way or in breaches, with the points turned up, to obstruct the advance of an enemy.

portcullis

porte colice, a sliding gate. In fortifications, a strong grating of timber or iron, somewhat resembling a harrow, made to slide in vertical grooves in the jambs of the entrance gate of a fortified place, to protect the gate in case of assault. The vertical bar were made of iron or of wood pointed with iron at the bottom, n order to demolish whatever the portcullis might fall upon.

instrumens catharactes

Outils pour briser. Néologism, du grec χαταρρηγνυναι, même sens.

cataracte

Chute d’eau sur le cours d’un fleuve.

Notes

Cannabis

Dioscorides 3.165 Kannabis Emeros. Cannabis [some call it Cannabium, some Schoenostrophon, some Asterion, ye Romans Cannabis] is a plant of much use in this life for ye twistings of very strong ropes, it bears leaves like to the Ash, of a bad scent, long stalks, empty, a round seed, which being eaten of much doth quench geniture, but being juiced when it is green is good for the pains of the ears.

Laisser

Laisser. To leave, relinquish, lay apart, set aside, put off, let alone, forgoe, let goe, forsake, abandon, give over, omit.
Laisser dire. cela se laisse dire. That is commonly spoken; Je me suis laissé dire cela. I was told that.

le jus

Voyez le commentaire historique du chapitre XLIX.

putrefaction

On voit que Rabelais est encore imbu de la théroie aristotélicienne de la génération spontanée. Quant aux vertus parasiticides du jus de chanver, elles sont invoquées par Pline, XX, 97: «Succus es eo vermiculos aurium et quodcumque animal intraverit, ejicit. (Paul Delaunay)

juice kills vermin

Cannabis in silvis primum nata est, nigrior foliis et asperior. semen eius extinguere genituram dicitur. sucus ex eo vermiculos aurium et quodcumque animal intraverit eicit, sed cum dolore capitis, tantaque vis ei est ut aquae infusus coagulare eam dicatur. et ideo iumentorum alvo succurrit potus in aqua. radix articulos contractos emollit in aqua cocta, item podagras et similes impetus. ambustis cruda inlinitur, sed saepius mutatur priusquam arescat.

Hemp at first grew in woods, with a darker and rougher leaf. Its seed is said to make the genitals impotent. The juice from it drives out of the ears the worms and any other creature that has entered them, but at the cost of a headache; so potent is its nature that when poured into water it is said to make it coagulate. And so, drunk in their water, it regulates the bowels of beasts of burden. The root boiled in water eases cramped joints, gout too and similar violent pains [Cf. § 228 and note on XXII. § 122]. It is applied raw to burns, but is often changed before it gets dry.

les vertus du pantagruelion

Toute les vertus du pantagruélion que Rabelais va énumérer jusqu’a [voulez guerir une bruslure] sont attribués par Pline au chanvre (XX, 23 et 97) (LD/EC). Notons que R. accepte, comme tout le monde alors, la génération spontanée, notion faisant toujours autorité chez les médecins de la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle. Cf. J. Riolan, In libri Fernelii de Procreatione comment., Paris, 1578, 4: « Non est tamen necessarius congressus ad procreationem, nam plurima animalia de putridine excitantur … ».

vermine

Allusion aus vertus parasiticides de jus de chanvre (Pline, XX, xcvii, dont s’inspire la suite).
putrefaction

putrefaction

Croyance en la théorie aristotélicienne de génération spontanée (voir Tiers livre, ed. Lefranc, n. 51, p. 364

jus du chanvre

Rabelais traduit Pline, XX, 23, parlant du jus du chanvre: «Succus ex eo vermiculos aurium et quodcumque animal intrauerit, eiicit.»

Larignans

Urquhart has at this point “Loringians;” Ozell says, “Read Larignans. A very great Mistake.” The end of the Third Book arrives without another note from Ozell.