Notes

Panacea

All-heal (Nepenthe). Pliny xxv 4, § 11.

panacea

Thus panacea, or allheal, including valerian and mistletoe, named for Panace, daughter of Æsculapius.

panacea, de Panace

Pline, XXV, 11, en mentionne plusieurs espèces: « Duo ejus genera, masculus et fœmina. » C’est Mercurialis annua, L. Son usage thérapeutique est fort ancien; le miel de mercuriale entre encore dans la composition de nos lavements purgatifs. (Paul Delaunay)

Panacea

Pline, XXV, xi.

panacea

panacea. [adopted from Latin panace¯a, adopted from Greek pana´keia universal remedy, formed on panakh´j `all-healing’.]

A remedy, cure, or medicine reputed to heal all diseases; a catholicon or universal remedy.

Applied to a reputed herb of healing virtue, vaguely and variously identified; All-heal. Obsolete

aesculapius

Æsculapius. Also Esc-. [Latin] The Roman god of medicine; hence figuratively, a physician.

Notes

troys seurs Parses

Les trois Parques.

three Sister Fates

Catullus, lxiii. 305-322.

troys sœurs Parces

Comme on sait, les trois Parques filent.

Parces

Évocation de fileuses légendaires: les Parques, filent la destinée des hommes; l’enchanteresse Circé est plus connue par la métamorphose des compagnons d’Ulysse en pourceaux (Odyssée, x, 203 sqq.) que pas ses talents de fileuse, évoqués cependant par Virgile (Énéide, VII, 14).

Parces

proxima Circaeae raduntur litora terrae,
dives inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos
adsiduo resonat cantu, tectisque superbis
urit odoratam nocturna in lumina cedrum
arguto tenuis percurrens pectine telas.
hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum
vincla recusantum et sera sub nocte rudentum,
saetigerique sues atque in praesepibus ursi
saevire ac formae magnorum ululare luporum,
quos hominum ex facie dea saeva potentibus herbis
induerat Circe in vultus ac terga ferarum.

The next shores they skirt are those of Circe’s realm, where the wealthy daughter of the Sun thrills the untrodden groves with ceaseless song and in her proud palace burns fragrant cedar to illuminate the night, while she drives her shrill shuttle through the fine web. From these shores could be heard the angry growls of lions chafing at their bonds and roaring in midnight hours, the raging of bristly boars and caged bears, and huge wolfish shapes howling. These were they whom, robbing them of their human form with potent herbs, Circe, cruel goddess, had clothed in the features and frames of beasts.

Three sister fates

Qui postquam niveis flexerunt sedibus artus,
large multiplici constructae sunt dape mensae,
cum interea infirmo quatientes corpora motu
veridicos Parcae coeperunt edere cantus.
his corpus tremulum complectens undique vestis
candida purpurea talos incinxerat ora,
at roseae niveo residebant vertice vittae
aeternumque manus carpebant rite laborem.
laeve colum molli lana retinebat amictum,
dextera tum leviter deducens fila supinis
formabat digitis, tum prono in pollice torquens
libratum tereti versabat turbine fusum,
atque ita decerpens aequabat semper opus dens,
laneaque aridulis haerebant morsa labellis,
quae prius in levi fuerant extantia filo:
ante pedes autem candentis mollia lanae
vellera virgati custodibant calathisci.
hae tum clarisona vellentes vellera voce
talia divino fuderunt carmine fata,
carmine, perfidiae quod post nulla arguet aetas.

So when they had reclined their limbs on the white couches, bountifully were the tables piled with varied dainties: whilst in the meantime, swaying their bodies with palsied motion, the Parcae began to utter sooth-telling chants. White raiment enfolding their aged limbs robed their ankles with a crimson border; on their snowy heads rested rosy bands, while their hands duly plied the eternal task. The left hand held the distaff clothed with soft wool; then the right hand lightly drawing out the threads with upturned fingers shaped them, then with downward thumb twirled the spindle poised with rounded whorl; and so with their teeth they still plucked the threads and made the work even. Bitten ends of wool clung to their dry lips, which had before stood out from the smooth yarn: and at their feet soft fleeces of white-shining wool were kept safe in baskets of osier. They then, as they plucked the wool, sang with clear voice, and thus poured forth the Fates in divine chant. That chant no length of time shall prove untruthful.

Parsee

Parsee Forms: Persie, Parcee, -sie, -sey, -sy, -si, Persee, Parsee. [adopted from Persian Pa¯rsi¯ Persian, formed on Pa¯rs Persia. In earlier use, Persees, -seis, -ceys, occur as variants of Perses, -is, French Perses, Latin Persas, Persians.]

One of the descendants of those Persians who fled to India in the seventh and eighth centuries to escape Muslim persecution, and who still retain their religion (Zoroastrianism); a Guebre.

tel depart

Tel partage, telle séparation.

Pantagruelist

Pantagruelist [adopted from French pantagruéliste] An imitator, admirer, or student of Pantagruel, or of Rabelais.

Pantagruelism

Pantagruelism. [adopted from French pantagruélisme, formed on Pantagruel.]

The theory and practice ascribed to Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais; extravagant and coarse humour with a satirical or serious purpose.

Notes

Alcanna

Buglossa (text)

Buglossa

Onon

Alcanna (text)

Ancusa

Ancusa (text)

Borago

Borago (text)

bugloss

Nicander, Theriaca 541. Consider now the excellent root of albicius’s bugloss: its prickly leaves grow ever thick upon it.

anchusa, orcanet

Et anchusae radix in usu est, digitali crassitudine. finditur papyri modo manusque inficit sanguineo colore, praeparat lanas pretiosis coloribus. sanat ulcera in cerato, praecipue senum, item adusta. liquari non potest in aqua, oleo dissolvitur, idque sincerae experimentum est. datur et ad renium dolores drachma eius potui in vino aut, si febris sit, in decocto balani, item iocinerum vitiis et lienis et bile subfusis. lepris et lentigini inlinitur ex aceto. folia trita cum melle et farina luxatis inponuntur, et pota drachmis duabus in mulso alvum sistunt. pulices necare radix in aqua decocta traditur.

Alkanet [Anchusa officinalis] too has a useful root, which is of the thickness of a finger. It is split into small divisions like the papyrus, and stains the hands the colour of blood; it prepares wools for costly colours. Applied in wax ointment it heals ulcerous sores, especially those of the aged, and also burns. Insoluble in water, it dissolves in oil, and this is the test of genuineness. A drachma of it is given to be taken in wine for pains in the kidneys, or if there be fever, in a decoction of behen nut; also for affections of the liver and spleen and for violent biliousness. It is applied in vinegar to leprous sores and freckles. The pounded leaves, with honey and meal, are applied to sprains, and doses of two drachmae in honey wine check looseness of the bowels. Fleas are said to be killed by a decoction of the root in water.

anchusa, bugloss

Dioscorides 3.147 Onosma [Onosma sp] Onosma, but some call it Osmas, some Philonitis, some Ononis, hath the leaves like to this of Anchusa.

[Onosma, Gk onos, ass, osma, odor. ]

Dioscorides 4.23 Anchousa [Anchusa tinctoria, Alkanet] Anchusa, which some call Calyx, some Onoclea [Some Catanchusa, some Lybica, some Archibellion, some Onophyllon, some Porphyris, some Mydusa, some Salyx, some Nonea, ye Africans Buinesath] hath leaves like to the sharp-leaved lettuce, rough, sharp, black, many, on every side of ye root joining to ye earth, prickly. The root, ye thickness of a finger of ye colour almost of blood in ye summer becoming severs, dyeing of the hands.

Dioscorides 4.128 Bouglosson [Anchusa paniculata] Buglossoum [which ye Magi call genitura felis, Osthanes Tzanuchi; ye Egyptians Antuenin Besor, ye Romans Lingua Bovis, some Libanis, ye Africans Ansanaph, it grows in plain & vaporiferous places, but it is gathered in ye month July..] is like to Veberbascum, but it thath a leaf lying on ye ground, both rough, & blacker, like to ye tongue of an ox, which being put into wine is thought to be a cause of mirth.

Borage, Alkanet, Buglosse

Gerard 2.123. Of Borage. Borage hath broad leavs, rough, lying flat upon the ground, of a blacke or swart green colour. Borage is called in shops Borago: Pliny calleth it Euphrosinum, because it makes a man merry and joyfull: which thing also the old verse concerning Borage doth testifie:

Ego Borago gaudia semper ago.
I Borage bring alwaies

Those of our time do use the floures in sallads, to exhilerate and make the minde glad. There be also many things made of them, used for the comfort of the heart, to drive away sorrow, & increase the joy of the minde. The leaves and floures or Borrage put into wine make men and women glad and merry, driving away all sadnesse, dulnesse, and melancholy, as Dioscorides and Pliny affirme. Syrrup made of the floures of Borrage comforteth the heart, purgeth melancholy, and quieteth the phrenticke or lunaticke person.

Gerard 2.124. Of Alkanet or wilde Buglosse. These herbs comprehended under the name of Anchusa, were so called of the Greeke word that is, to colour or paint any thing: Whereupon those plants were called Anchusa, of that flourishing and bright red colour which is in the root, even as red as pure and cleare bloud.

The first kind of Alkanet hath many leaves like Echium or small Buglosse, covered over with a pricky hoarinesse, having commonly but one stalke, which is round, rough, and a cubit high. The second kinde of Anchusa or Alkanet is of greater beauty and estimation than the first, the branches are lesse and more bushy in the top; it hath also greater plenty of leavs, and those more woolly or hairy.

John of Ardern hath set down a composition called Sanguis Veneris, which is most singular in deep punctures or wounds made with thrusts, as follows: take of oile olive a pint, the root of Alkanet two ounces, earth worms purged, in number twenty, boile them together & keep it to the use aforesaid. The Gentlewomen of France do paint their faces with these roots, as it is said.

The anchusa of Pliny 22.23, 22.25.

orcanette

Urquhart here has “the orchanet, bugloss, henna or puccoon.”

orcanette

Nome donné communément à deux Borraginées tinctoriales du midi: Onosma echiödes L. et Anchusa tinctoria L. ; celle-ci est l’anchusa de Pline (XXII, 23). Toutes deux ont les feuilles hérissées de poils rudes. (Paul Delaunay)

orcanet

Plante tinctoriale du Midi, aux feuilles hérissées de poils rudes.

orcanet

orcanet. Forms: orchanet, orcanet, orkanet, orcanette. [adopted from Old French orcanette, altered from arcanette, diminutive of arcanne (Cotgrave), for Old French alcanne (15th c. in Hatzfeld and Darmesteter, Dictionnaire général de la langue française), adaptation of medieval Latin alkanna, whence the parallel form alkanet.]

The plant Alkanna tinctoria, or the dye obtained from it: = alkanet.

orcanet

The orcanette and other boraginaceous plants have a rough leaf.
boraginaceous – Probably, accodring to Dietz, from burra, rough hair, short wool, in reference to the roughness of the foliage.
Borage – A genus of plants, giving its name to a natural order (Boraginaceae), specifically the common British species (Borago officinalis); it was formerly much esteemed as a cordial, and is still largely used in making cool tankard, claret cup, etc.
Borage is one of the four cordial flowers.
Borage always brings courage.

Notes

Balsamus (text)

Balsamus

Opopanax

myrrhe

Calepino’s entry for myrrha (in Latin)

myrrhe

Let the land of Panchaia be rich in balsam, let it bear its cinnamon, its costum, its frankincense exuding from the trees, its flowers of many sorts, provided it bear its myrrh-tree, too: a new tree was not worth so great a price.

Myrrha

Myrrha. Arabs, pinguis, cynareis … Hanc autem arbusculam succo distillatem habent Arabia, Assyria & Orontes fluvius. De prædicto incestu Ovid Lib. 10. Metamorph.

Myrrh

Divisae arboribus patriae; sola India nigrum
Fert ebenum; solis est turea virga Sabaeis.
— Virgil Georgics ii. 116-7.

“Myrrha multis in locis Arabiae gignitur” (Pliny. xii 15, § 33.)

myrrhe

Gomme résine d’une térébinthacée Balsamodendron Ehrenbergianmum, Berg. qu’Olivier identife au B. opobalsamum, Kunt. Bailon prétend que la myrrhe du commerce provient encore en partie du B. Kataf, Kunt. (Paul Delaunay)

myrrhe

Notons que le myrrhe est toujours associé à l’Arabie (cf. par exemple, Calépinus, Lexicon, s.v. ; Textor, Epitheta, s.v.

myrrh

myrrh. Forms: myrra, murra, murre, myrre, mirre, merre, mirr, myre, mir, mere, myr, myrr, mirrhe, mirrh, myrrhe, myrrh. [Old English myrra, myrre, murra = Greek murra, of Semitic origin (Arabic murr, Hebrew mo¯r).]

A gum-resin produced by several species of Commiphora (Balsamodendron), especiallyC. Myrrha, used for perfumery and as an ingredient in incense. Also medical, the tincture made from this. In early use almost always with reference to the offering of myrrh by the Magi to our Lord.

Any shrub or tree that yields the gum-resin, esp. Commiphora (Balsamodendron) Myrrha

Opopanax

Opopanax, also known as opobalsam, refers to a number of gum resins (natural substances that are a mixture of water-soluble gums and alcohol-soluble resins) traditionally considered to have medicinal properties. Pliny (Historia Naturalis) and Dioscorides (De Materia Medica) described various kinds with uncertain identifications, which have been distinguished as:

• A species of Centaurea
• Lovage (Levisticum officinale)
• Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
• Echinophora tenuifolia (Umbelliferae)
• Ferula opopanax, also known as Opopanax chironium (Umbelliferae)
• Fig-leaved cow parsnip, Heracleum panaces (or other species of Heracleum)

In recent times, the main source of commercial opopanax is from species of Commiphora, particularly C. erythraea and C. kataf. (Some sources suggest the entire production is from C. erythraea var. glabrescens, a tree growing in Somalia.[6]) Myrrh is also obtained from Commiphora species.

Myrrh

Myrrh (from Aramaic) is a natural gum or resin extracted from a number of small, thorny tree species of the genus Commiphora. Myrrh resin has been used throughout history as a perfume, incense, and medicine. Myrrh mixed with wine was common across ancient cultures, for general pleasure and as an analgesic.

The word myrrh corresponds with a common Semitic root m-r-r meaning “bitter”, as in Aramaic ܡܪܝܪܐ murr and Arabic مُرّ murr. Its name entered the English language from the Hebrew Bible, where it is called מור mor, and later as a Semitic loanword was used in the Greek myth of Myrrha, and later in the Septuagint; in the Ancient Greek language, the related word μῠ́ρον (múron) became a general term for perfume.

Notes

Zodiac

zodiac

zodiac. [adopted from Old French (modern French) zodiaque adaptation of Latin zodiacus (Cicero), adopted from late Greek zwdiakoj, understood kukloj the circle of the figures or signs (compare Latin orbis signifer, Cicero, circulus signifer, Vitruvius = ozwoforoj kukloj, Aristotle), formed on zwdion sculptured figure (of an animal), sign of the zodiac (otwn zwdi´wn ku´kloj), diminutive of zwon animal.]

A belt of the celestial sphere extending about 8 or 9 degrees on each side of the ecliptic, within which the apparent motions of the sun, moon, and principal planets take place; it is divided into twelve equal parts called signs.

Signs of the zodiac: the twelve equal parts into which the zodiac is divided, and through one of which the sun passes in each month; they are named after the twelve constellations with which at a former epoch they severally coincided approximately.

Notes

Collège de Navarre

Collège de Navarre (an 1440)
Lithographie Nouveaux d’après Pernot

College of Navarre

Cf. Pantagruel 16b; 18, n.5.

Navarre

Sur ce collège, voir l. II, ch. XVI, n. 7.

Navarre

L’un des collèges plus fameux de la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève [en Paris], au Moyen Age; il avait été fondé par Jeanne deNavarre en 1309.

escholiers de Navarre

Voir Pantagruel, XVI, p. 272 et n. 10.

Collège de Navarre

Le collège de Navarre a été fondé en 1304 à Paris grâce à Jeanne I^re de Navarre. Épouse de Philippe le Bel, elle lègue son hôtel de la rue Saint-André-des-Arts pour y établir un collège destiné à recevoir des étudiants de sa province.
Le royaume de Navarre est un royaume médiéval fondé en 824 par les Vascons, dont le premier roi est Eneko Arista, premier d’une lignée de seize rois basques qui régneront sur le Royaume jusqu’en 1234. Attaquée depuis trois siècles au nord des Pyrénées, dans le duché de Vasconie par les Francs, et au sud par les Wisigoths, puis les Omeyyades (musulmans), la Vasconie est réduite au petit Royaume de Pampelune, terres ancestrales du Saltus Vasconum.
La Haute-Navarre fut conquise en 1512 par le royaume d’Aragon — et fut intégrée en 1516 dans l’actuel royaume d’Espagne — et l’autre partie (Basse-Navarre), restée indépendante, fut unie à la couronne de France à partir de 1589 – d’où le titre de « roi de France et de Navarre » que portait Henri IV.
La langue vernaculaire des Navarrais était le basque. Le gascon fut utilisé par quelques populations citadines au nord et le castillan dans l’extrême sud (Tudela) de la Navarre actuelle.

Navarrese

Navarrese. [formed on Navarre a province of northern Spain, formerly a kingdom which included part of south-west France.]

The people of Navarre; a native or inhabitant of Navarre. Of or pertaining to Navarre.

Notes

Nenufar

Nenufar

Nymphea

Nuphar lutea

Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm.
cow lily, great yellow pondlily

nenuphar

Venerem in totum adimit, ut diximus, nymphaea Heraclia, eadem semel pota in XL dies, insomnia quoque veneris a ieiuno pota et in cibo sumpta. inlita quoque radix genitalibus inhibet non solum venerem sed et affluentiam geniturae. ob id corpus alere vocemque dicitur. adpetentiam veneris facit radix e xiphio superior data potui1 in vino, item quam cremnon agrion appellant, ormenos agrios cum polenta contritus.

Nymphaea heraclia, as I have said, takes away altogether sexual desire; a single draught of it does so for forty days; sexual dreams too are prevented if it is taken in drink on an empty stomach and eaten with food. Applied to the genitals the root also checks not only desire but also excessive accumulation of semen. For this reason it is said to make flesh and to improve the voice. Sexual desire is excited by the upper part of xiphium root given in wine as a draught; also by the plant called cremnos agrios and by ormenos agrios crushed with pearl barley.

Nenuphar

Nenuphar: Nenuphar; the Water Lillie, or water Rose.

nenufar et nymphea heraclia

C’est le jaune-d’eau, autrement appellé lis d’étang. Il est très spécialement ordonné aux moines contre les tentations de la chair. Voyez Bouchet, sérée XXIV. (L.) — On l’apelle volet en Sologne; et on y est encore persuadé que l’eau de volet est in spécifique contre la concupiscence, et qu’on en faisoit boire au moines.

water-lily, etc.

Cf. iii 31. Pliny xxv. 7, § 37; xxvi 10, § 61.

nenuphar

Nénufar, mot bas-latin qui dès le début du XVIe siècle tend à se substituer à nymphæa.

Nenuphar…

Encore une fois, la plupart de ces exemples se retrouvent dans le De latinis nominibus de Charles Estienne. Le nenufar et la semence de saule sont des antiaphrodisiaques. La ferula servait, dans l’Antiquité, à fustiger les écoliers (cf. Martial, X, 62-10).

Nenuphar

Allusion à la vertu antiaphrodisiaque de la racine de nénuphar.

nenuphar

nenuphar. [adopted from medieval Latin nenuphar, adaptation of Arabic-Persian ninufar, Persian, also nilufal, adaptation of Sanskrit nilôtpala blue lotus, formed on nil blue + utpala lotus, water-lily.]

A water-lily, esp. the common white or yellow species. In early use freq. in oil, syrup, water of nenuphar.

Notes

Bel citronium

Bel citronium (text)

Balanus

Balanus (text)

Mirabolani

Moringa oleifera Lam.

Moringa oleifera Lam.
vernacular name: horseradish tree

myrobalans

XLVI. Myrobalanum Trogodytis et Thebaidi et Arabiae qua Iudaeam ab Aegypto disterminat commune est, nascens unguento, ut ipso nomine apparet, quo item indicatur et glandem esse; arbor est heliotropio, quam dicemus inter herbas, simili folio, fructus magnitudine abellanae nucis. ex his in Arabia nascens Syriaca appellatur, et est candida, contra in Thebaide nigra; praefertur illa bonitate olei quod exprimitur, sed copia Thebaica. inter haec Trogodytica vilissima est. sunt qui Aethiopicam his praeferant glande nigra ac pingui nucleoque gracili, sed liquore qui exprimitur odoratiore, nascentem in campestribus. Aegyptiam pinguiorem esse et cras siore cortice rubentem et, quamvis in palustribus nascatur, breviorem siecioremque, e diverso Arabicam viridem ac tenuiorem et, quoniam amet montuosa, spissiorem; longe autem optimam Petraeam ex quo diximus oppido, nigro cortice, nucleo candido. unguentarii autem tantum cortices premunt, medici et nucleos, tundentes adfusa paulatim calida aqua.

XLVI. The Cave-dweller country and the Thebaid and Arabia where it separates Judaea from Egypt all alike have the myrobalanum, [Μυροβάλανον, ‘perfume-nut,’ the behen-nut] which is grown for scent, as is shown by its name itself, which also indicates in addition that it is a nut; it is a tree with a leaf that resembles that of the heliotrope, which we shall describe among the herbaceous plants, and a fruit the size of a hazel-nut. The variety growing Arabia is called the Syrian nut, and is white in colour, whereas the Thebaid kind is black; the former is preferred for the excellent quality of the oil extracted from it, but the Thebaic for its large yield. The Cave-dweller kind is the worst among the varieties. Some persons prefer to these the Ethiopian behen, which has a black oily nut and a slender kernel, but the liquid squeezed out of it has a stronger scent; it grows in level districts. It is said that the Egyptian nut is even more oleaginous and has a thicker shell of a reddish colour, and that though it grows on marshy ground the plant is shorter and drier, whereas the Arabian variety, on the contrary, is green in colour and also smaller in size and more compact in shape because it likes mountain regions; but the Petraean kind, coming from the town mentioned above, is a long way the best—it has a black rind and a white kernel. Perfumiers, however, only extract the juice from the shells, but medical men also crush the kernels, gradually pouring warm water on them while pounding them.

myrobalanum

LII. Palma quae fert myrobalanum probatissima in Aegypto. ossa non habet reliquarum modo in balanis, alvum et menses sistit in vino austero et vulnera conglutinat.

The palm which bears the myrobalanum, found in Egypt, is very highly esteemed. It has no stone in its dates, as other date-palms have. Taken in a dry wine it checks diarrhoea and excessive menstruation, and unites wounds.

Note: In chapters LII and LIII Pliny seems to have completely misunderstood and confused his authorities. Dioscorides says that the date is Egyptian, and resembles the Arabian myrobalanum. According to him the spalhe is “the covering of the fruit of palma when these are at their prime (?):” περικάλυμμά ἐστι τοῦ καρποῦ τῶν φοινίκων ἀκμὴν ἀνθούντων. Pliny on the other hand speaks of “the palm which bears the myrobalanum,” giving it (or its fruit) the properties attributed by Dioscorides to the Egyptian date. He goes on to say that the spathe was a palm with medicinal properties in its sprigs, leaves and bark.
Among Pliny’s mistakes seems to be the confusion of ben nut (myrobalanum) with what is called by Dioscorides φοινικοβάλανος. Cf. Pliny XII. § 103. The conjecture of Hardouin (refert) clears away one discrepancy between Dioscorides and Pliny if we take palma in the first sentence of § 98 to mean “date,” but then the words in balanis become oddly otiose. No emendation, however, can make spathe in § 99 mean anything but a tree; it certainly cannot mean the περικάλυμμα τοῦ καρποῦ of Dioscorides.

mirobolans

Du grec μυροξαλανοζ, unguentaria glans; mot composé de μυρον, ungentum liquidum, et ξαλανοζ, glans. En effet, comme le dit Martial:

Hoc ex unguento constat et ex balano.

Myrobolans

Cf. ii. 14.

myrobalans

Mirobolanz (Platearius), myrobalan, mirobolan (Antid. Nicholas), Mirabolain (Hortus sanit., 1500). — «Myrobalanum Troglodytis et Thebaïdi et Arabiae… commune est, nascens unguento, quo item indicatur et glandem esse arboris, heliotropio… simili folio», Pline, XII, 46. Fée veut y reconnaître le Morgina oleifera, Lmk. (M. pterygosperma, Gærtn.) des Indes orientales. Il parait plus probable de rapporter le myrobolan des Anciens, avec de Candolle et Planchon, à Moringa aptera, Gærtn. Quant aux myrobalans de la pharmacopée moderne, inconnus aux Anciens, et introduits dans la thérapeutique par les Arabes, ce sont des drupes de diverses esp. du G. Terminalia (Combrétacée) de l’Inde, et des fruits de l’Emblica officinalis, Gærtn. (Euphorbiacée). (Paul Delaunay)

Les aultres de leurs formes

Encore une fois, tout cela se retrouve dans le petit livre de Charles Estienne, De latinis nominibus.

Les aultres de leurs formes

Toutes ces informations sont dans le livre d’Estienne. L’étymologie de «serpoullet» (du lat. serpere) est indiquée par Pline, XX, 22 («herper» : ramper?). Calepin signale celle de myrobolan, «quam Dioscorides Βάλανον μυρεψικήν appellat, hoc est glandem unguentariam»; de là la précision terminale de Rabelais. Voir aussi Manardi, dans ses annotations sur les Simples de Mésué, à l’article «De ben».

myrobalan

myrobalan. [adopted from French myrobolan or its source Latin myrobalanum, adopted from Greek murobalanoj(1) perhaps the ben-nut, (2) in modern Greek, emblic, formed on muro-n unguent, balsam + balanoj acorn, date, ben-nut. Known colloquially amongst dyers as m’rabs.]

The astringent plum-like fruit of species of Terminalia (N.O. Combretaceæ), e.g. T. Bellerica, T. Chebula, T. citrina: formerly used medicinally, but now chiefly in dyeing, tanning, and ink-making.

attributive, as myrobalan tree; myrobalan ben, date, the ben-nut; myrobalan plum

Notes

myosota

Oreille de souris: de μνζ, μνοζ, souris, et ουζ, ωτοζ, oreille.

Myosota

Pliny xxvii. 4, § 8.

myosota

Alsine, quam quidam myosoton appellant, nascitur in lucis, unde et alsine dicta est. incipit a media hieme, arescit aestate media. cum prorepit, musculorum aures imitatur foliis. sed aliam docebimus esse quae iustius myosotis vocetur. haec eadem erat quae helxine, nisi minor minusque hirsuta esset. nascitur in hortis et maxime in parietibus. cum teritur, odorem cucumeris reddit. usus eius ad collectiones inflammationesque et in eadem omnia in quae helxine, sed infirmius. epiphoris peculiariter inponitur, item verendis ulceribusque cum farina hordeacia. sucus eius auribus infunditur.

Alsine, which some call myosoton, is found in groves; hence its name [From the Greek ἄλσος (grove)]. It begins to grow just after midwinter, and withers at midsummer. When it puts forth its leaves, they are like the ears of little mice. However, I shall describe another plant, to which more properly would be given the name myosotis. Alsine would be just the same as helxine, were it not that it is smaller and less hairy. It grows in gardens and especially on walls. When being bruised it smells like cucumber. It is used for gatherings and inflammations, and for all purposes for which helxine is employed, but with less efficacy. Especially is it applied to eye fluxes, and with barley meal to sore genitals and ulcers. Its juice is poured into the ears

myosata

De μυζ, souris, ουζ, oreille, allusion à la forme des feuilles et aux poils qui les couvrent. «Alsine quam quidam myosoton appellant… quum prorepit musculorum aures imitatur foliis», Pline, XXVII, 8. C’est, pour Fée, Parietaria cretica, L. (Paul Delaunay)

pas similitude

Toutes ces plantes, dans De latinis nominibus, sauf pour le delphinium.

Myosata

De μῡζ, «souris », et οζὗ, «oreille» (Pline, XXVII, viii).

myosotis

myosotis [Latin, adopted from Greek muoswtij, formed on muoj, gen. of muj mouse + wt-, ouj ear.]

The mouse-ear, Hieracium Pilosella. Obsolete